Internet Broadband

Internet is the World Wide Web. Broadband is the medium that carries it. Internet is the international computer network linking together thousands of individual networks. Broadband is the transmitter of these signals.

The most popular features of the Internet include electronic mail (of course you know e-mail), discussion groups (called newsgroups or bulletin boards, where users can post messages and look for responses on a system called Usenet). There is also the online conversations or chats, adventure and role-playing games and information retrieval You can also find electronic commerce (e-commerce) in the Net where you can buy and sell stuff at the click of a button.

On the other hand, broadband is the high-speed transmission. It is used to refer to Internet access which uses cable modems or DSL (Digital Subscriber Line). Broadband DSL connections are faster compared to dial-up connections.

Dial-up connections utilize phone lines to connect to the Internet while broadband uses cables.

High-speed transmission is commonly used to refer to Internet access via cable modems or DSL, which is faster than dial-up. For years, "broadband" has referred to a higher-speed connection, but the actual speed threshold has varied.

Along with digital subscriber line technology, cable modems ushered in the age of broadband Internet access in developed countries. Before DSL and cable modems, Internet access involved slow dial-up access over a public switched telephone network.

Users in a neighborhood share the available bandwidth provided by a single cable line. Therefore, connection speed can vary depending on how many people are using the service at the same time.

While T1 (1.5 Mbps) has been widely used as the threshold, others have used T3 (45 Mbps) for broadband. For example, after the turn of the century, South Korea leapfrogged the U.S. in Internet access, offering DSL up to 50 Mbps and calling their 1.5 Mbps service "light."

Mbps is an abbreviation for megabits per second. It is the data transfer speeds as measured in megabits. This unit is mostly used in networking technologies such as broadband.

The World Wide Web (WWW) is the greatest force to the popularization of the Internet. It is a hypertext system (a computer based retrieval system) which makes browsing the Internet both fast and intuitive.

The information stored in the computer networks connected to the Internet forms a huge cyber library. But the enormous quantity of data and information in these interconnected computers makes it difficult to retrieve the information.

This is where broadband comes in because with the use of these cables, the information available in the Internet can be retrieved really fast and without hassles.
The broadband medium can carry signals from different network carriers. This is done through fiber-optic cable. Fiber-optic cable is a thin glass strand designed for transmission. It is capable of transmitting trillions of bits per second

Broadband technology can support a wide range of frequencies. Broadband in general refers to data transmission where multiple pieces of data are sent simultaneously to increase the effective rate of transmission. In network engineering this term is used for methods where two or more signals share a medium.

Various forms of DSL service are broadband in the sense that digital information is sent over one channel and voice over another channel sharing a single pair of wires.






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computer pacification from internet threat

When spyware invades a computer system it monitors, records and sends out to intruders information on your computer usage and internet habits and it can possibly detect private banking and security information which could result in identity theft. Computers are easily infected with spyware while users click around online or download freeware.
The Norton Internet Security Professional software is one of the top rated computer security tools for its ability to detect and fix viruses, Trojan Horses, spyware, joke programs and other malicious codes that can end up in security risks. The capabilities of all types of spyware are numerous, ranging from annoying consequences such as pop up to detrimental occurrences such as identity theft and complete computer failure.

Using the Norton security tool you can also screen incoming emails so as to avoid any that are linked with malicious viruses. However well the Norton Security Professional tool works, it is unlikely the program will catch all threats, especially spyware because of its widespread possibilities.

To more thoroughly guard yourself and your computer from spyware threats, use more than one spyware security tool, such as Ad-Aware by LavaSoft or Spybot search and destroy. Both of these programs are free for download and they work by scanning specifically for known and defined spyware threats. Using more than one internet security tool is necessary for catching both virus and spyware threats.

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Satellite Radio

Satellite Radio - It's Not Your Father's Sputnik
Ever wonder how this whole satellite radio thing works? I mean, it seems to be THE thing now. Many auto manufacturers are installing satellite radio receivers in their new automobiles, and there are home and portable models available through your favorite electronics outlet. But what is it? How does it work? Why should I pay for radio?


You pay for TV, don't you?

Once, in those long gone days of yore, cable television operators offered us television, which we had happily been receiving for free through big tree-branchy things on our roofs, for a fee. Many people scoffed at the idea of paying for 30 channels when they received four or five, gratis. Well, just look at us now - cable TV, satellite TV, 500 channels not quite filling us up. So let's stop asking questions about why you should pay for satellite radio, and let's find out how the dern thing works.
Well, how does the dern thing work?

Let's start by looking at the type of radio you are used to. AM radio broadcasts at a frequency range from 535 kilohertz (kHz) to 1700 kilohertz (1.7 MHz). FM broadcasts between 88 MHz to 108 MHz. Without getting too technical, one hertz is basically one cycle per second. So FM radio waves transmitted at 88MHz are cycling 88 million times per second. This seems like a lot, but is actually relatively slow. Slower cycles require larger antennas to transmit and to receive them. Also, radio station antennas are stationary and earthbound, and are therefore limited in range. At higher cycles, smaller antennas suffice. Cell phones range from 824 MHz to 1990 MHz (1.99GHz), depending on the type of service; this is a much faster cycle, and therefore a smaller antenna is used. Satellite radio is broadcast at 2.3 GHz, so your car or portable receiver has no trouble picking up the signal. There have also been great advances in antenna technology, which provide us with a relatively small, flat antenna rather than a dish that would have to be constantly adjusted to point toward the satellite as we drove around town picking up kids from soccer practice.


All them numbers hertz my brain.

Let's lay megahertz and gigahertz aside for a moment. In addition to those higher frequencies, satellite radio signals come from, you guessed it, satellites. These satellites are in a geosynchronous orbit, which is an orbit that keeps the satellite always above one location on the planet, making it stationary relative to the earth. The satellite receives a digital signal from the ground station and bounces it back to us. Because the signal is digital, it can be compressed and beamed out packed full of additional data (disguised as 0's and 1's), and received by any satellite radio receiver tuned to the signal. Satellite radio receivers can pick up the broadcast from anywhere in the coverage area (meaning the whole US) because the satellite is orbiting at about 22,200 miles (35,000 km) above the earth, which allows for a greater dispersion of the signal. It's analogous to water flowing from a showerhead. An inch from the showerhead, the water is a relatively tight stream. At the other end of the shower, the water sprays all over the wall, and gets on the bathroom floor, causing your wife to yell angrily about the mess. Satellite radio beams work in much the same way. The radio signal is much more widely dispersed 22,000 miles from the satellite that sent the signal. So with satellite radio, you can listen to the same station as you drive from New York City to Los Angeles, whereas traditional radio has a range of only about 30 to 40 miles. And thanks to repeaters, or signal boosters, placed in urban areas, you can receive generally uninterrupted signals even driving through cities with large buildings and thick bridges.


Hey, that's kind of cool!

But wait! There's much, much more! The digital signal can carry much larger packets of data, and satellite radios are equipped with chipsets, or processors, that can decode that data. So satellite radios not only play the music, but also decode and display information containing the song title, album, artist, and genre. Satellite radio owners can also choose from hundreds of stations, which allows for specialization, just like your cable or satellite TV. In the same manner that you can get the HBO Comedy Hits of the Brahman Caste of Nepal Channel, and Tasmanian Worm Wrestling on ESPN 127, you can receive niche music, comedy, news, and sports broadcasts on your satellite radio. Pick your genre: any decade since the 40's, Rock, Country, Urban, Jazz, Blues, Dance, Latin, World Music (e.g. Chinese, Indian, African), Classical, Kids, and even news, sports, comedy, and talk. You can also tune in to any sub-genre of the above; for example, in the Rock category you can listen to soft, heavy, classic, deep cuts, acoustic, instrumental, and even unsigned acts.


Maybe I should get me one of them there satellite radios...

Now that you know how it works, you can listen for the sheer pleasure of it - without all those nagging technical questions churning in the back of your mind. Go get you one.

Albert Medinas has developed and maintains the website Satellite Radio Galaxy, which answers the most common questions people have about Satellite Radio. Please visit us at http://www.satelliteradiogalaxy.com today.



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Lose Your Fear, Not Your Friends, With A Walkie Talkie Radio

For anyone who has ever been skiing or snowboarding, you may be able to empathise with me at finding myself lost on the slopes. During a recent vacation to New Zealand, a group of friends and I headed up to Coronet Peak, with a mixture of skis and snowboards in tow. While my friends are all experienced skiers, I wanted to try my hand at snowboarding and after a few lessons on the magic carpet, decided to head up for my first run. As the chair lift elegantly brought my friends to the top of the mountain (and left me in a heap on the floor) we agreed to meet up at the bottom and as they all turned left and headed down the intermediate slope, I departed, very slowly, to the right, down the blue run for beginners. While I proudly made it down without falling over, ironically it was at the bottom that I began to panic. Where were my friends? There appeared to be a swarm of identical looking jackets and snowboards and all of a sudden, after realising I had no phone signal, acknowledged that I was lost. Hindsight is a wonderful thing and it is only now I realise that this could have been avoided had we all agreed to carry a walkie talkie radio, before hitting the slopes.

Most groups travelling together on a ski holiday will contain a mixture of abilities, some choosing to ski and some to snowboard. With group members off at different locations at different times, radios allow you to keep in constant contact. Unlike mobile phones where you only talk to one person at a time, a walkie talkie radio allows each group member to participate in the conversation at the same time, so no one has to feel isolated.

While you are of course expected to enjoy yourself on the mountains, safety must be a key consideration. If you incur an injury, which to be honest, is very likely when you are ploughing down a mountain on two pieces of plastic, at least you are able to make an emergency call with a radio. If you just rely on your mobile phone, you may have limited signal and find you are unable to make that all important call.

Similarly, if you just want to arrange to meet for an apres-ski or a spot of lunch, being able to contact family and friends at the push of a button is ideal. If you have not skied before, you may be surprised at how tiring it can be and if your pre-arranged meeting time is still hours away, walkie talkie radios give you the chance to change your plans and be flexible.

Another benefit to walkie talkies is cost. Ski holidays are not cheap and saving every penny counts. Taking your mobile phone abroad to make and receive calls, incurs hefty international charges. With a walkie talkie radio there are no costs involved, only the initial cost of the gadget itself. Talking is totally free.

Coverage will vary depending on the model of walkie talkie radio you purchase, however areas can be covered up to ten kilometres. They also vary in size, so if you have an image of a big, bulky security guard device clipped to your ski pants, think again. Many come in lightweight compact designs, as well as shock resistant so if you take a fall, your radio will be protected.

As the nights draw closer, it is definitely the time to start thinking about your alpine winter holiday. Adding a couple of walkie talkie radios in your suitcase will not only keep you safe up on the slopes, it is also a great way to keep in touch with the rest of your group, both on and off the mountain.

Dominic Donaldson is an expert in in Modern Communications.
Find out more about Walkie Talkie Radio and why they are a great gadget to take on your ski or snowboarding holiday.

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